Philosphy Of Religion

QuestionCan we drop a complete system of worship without righteousity ? You should visit at least one of the followingCould we have indigence to be object lesson without righteousnesss rewards and punishmentsCould we know how to be clean-living without holiness guidanceCould holiness even exist if matinee idol doesn t invent it (in go Com hu human racedments or something like themPhilosophy of ReligionPlato thought the source of all(prenominal)(a) trust to be the discussion , the transc checkental motifl that s likewised atop every last(predicate) the imperfections and corruptions of the phenomenal world . When im single outiality equates to virtue , then to stick to and con habitus to the highest faithfulness is to be honourable . He derived the idea of the philosopher-king as the agentive role to establish this deterrent exampleity on man . When the ruler is at the comparable time philosopher he rules harmonise to the highest precepts , and thereby establishes the moral kingdom , or Utopia . In event a prospering opportunity for implementing Utopia came his way . The King of siege of siege of siege of siege of Syracuse , enamored of Plato s doctrine , invited him to take everywhere the reins of his realm for a year The upshot was that it did little good for the kingdom of Syracuse , exclusively was an invaluable learning bring forth for Plato himself , who was low-pitched into accept that the philosopher-king concept was a remarkable contr round of logical system , but that it was not for the real worldWhat hope for unconsecrated morality if the philosopher-king cannot fetch his subjects to be moral ? Is the Logos of Plato a mundane defecate , or it is pertaining to the divine ? The historians of devotion plot a ancestry in which Plato s Logos is the starting vizo r of an exploitation whose end product is C! hristianity , through with(predicate) with(predicate) the in limitediate stages of Platonism and Neo-Platonism . Theologians , but , differ , judging Plato s ideas to be mere anticipation of the profounder rightfulness that Christianity contains . The classic word `logos translates to `word or ` preference . When the Greek Bible was translated into English the opening to the Testament of ass became , In the beginning was the devise , and the Word was with God , and the Word was God . And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us (John 1 :1-3 , 14 . From this it becomes intelligibly that the inner truth of Plato s philosophy and that of Christianity are twin . Historians whitethorn argue the primacy of Plato , but the f do work remains that the Greek philosopher merely encouraged a single moral minute whereas Christianity bestow the moral underpinning to a civilizationThe same drama is institution contend out in the modern era . The European metempsychosis was a ctu everyy a revival of the philosophical genius of antique Greece , with a significant advance in that confirmable experiment and the manner of induction , as exhorted by Francis Bacon , took primacy over clean philosophical speculation . Whatever the marrow , the overthrow aims were identical . The aim was to apprehensioning(prenominal)ize the phenomenal world , to the extent that thinking(prenominal) whitethorn sufficiently meet all told human unavoidably , both physical and spiritual . The rational is also the moral , and because the quest is to have morality without religion . The generic term for this trend is modernism . How successful is modernism ? The be part of this essay examines this questionThe European spiritual rebirth was characterized by the whim in the untapped and unbounded manfulial of man . hither man is considered as dissociated from his faith , therefore the renaissance quest is for a secular morality Francis Bacon laid the flat coat exe mplify for the establishment of this modern-fashion! ed rational by championing experimentation and the method of induction . Subsequently Newton offered a global conjecture of mechanics that is able to encompass all phenomenon . These were the two of the essence(p) accomplishments that laid the ground for hope that secular morals would take hold . But the new companionship needed to be sustain in an absolute sense , then epistemology was the severalize . The morality stands on firm ground single if the knowledge it is found upon is certain . The determinists avowed the certitude of knowledge when acquired through the scientific method . But philosophy lent no financial keep goinging to their claims . Instead it floundered in empirical skepticism - the flummox that maintains that all knowledge is through the senses , and therefore relative and without objectiveness . The Cartesians struggled in vain to overcome this complaint But David Hume demolished sensationalism systematically and thoroughly , and then went on to propose a new rationalism . Plato , and the determinists put reason above all else . Hume differs : contend is , and ought to be the slave of the passions and can never piss to every early(a) office than to serve and obey them (Hume , Treatise , 2006 . He is suggesting that we are moral before we are rational . mishandle your passion for perception nature tells us , according to Hume , but let your accomplishment be human , and such as may have a direct reference to follow out and guild (Hume , Enquiry , 2006 . This is what he calls the scientific discipline of man . In this new scheme the moral human existence is at the plaza of the universe reason being merely the means towards implementing the perception of manKant took the cue of Hume , abandoned his Newtonian studies and took on the confinement of analyzing all the new rationalism , which he called elegant reason . afterward conceding the premise to empirical skepticism , he continuesAlthough all our know ledge begins with companionship , it does not follow! that it arises completely from feel . For it is quite possible that our empirical knowledge is a entangled of that which we receive through impressions and that which our own faculty of discerning (incited by impressions ) supplies from itself (Kant , 1999The pre-existing faculty is described as a priori , and that which comes after sense impression he calls a posteriori . Reason is a priori , but without sense experience it has no separate universe of discourse . The sensory data is lent shape by reason , and the composite of the two is knowledge Reason is olibanum restored as a fountainhead of all human experience , but it is not the same reason which Hume described as serving the passions It is pure reason and as such is the gillyflower of the passions . Our limited and fallible reason is serving the higher and substantial pure reason . In the process of measuring up to the higher reason we become moral .

This is expressed through the Kantian categorical imperative : I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a browse law (Kant , 1993The pertinent observation here is that Kant is mimicking the Christian moral code in every step of his philosophy , and all the same he remains doggedly atheistic , and subdued aiming for secular morality . The Kantian categorical imperative is steal fastener other than a rewording of the Christian ethical code love thy dwell as thyself . His critique of pure reason is but a wordy interpretation of the Biblical authorization that God created man in his own image . The only difference is t hat the Christian is serene in his submission , where! as the Kantian is feverishly applying his thinker in to measure up to pure reason . Kant is utter us that the busy and straining agreement is the only avenue to secular morality . The heroic occidental spirit hear Kant and did not falter in its contract . Hegel was inspired to reduce the entire course of human narration , which Marx particularized to the stinting sphere to create a governmental ethic that is potent enough to move the raft towards constructing policy-making Utopia - in the form of nation states . The experience of Marxism has convinced some observers that it is indeed a religion . In this way the scoke for secular morality has indeed failed for it has come back to its point of departure - religionIf Marxism was for the masses then existentialism was for the philosophers themselves . This is the philosophy that revolts against the stir to rationalize , and kind of stresses immediate existence . Edmund Husserl founded phenomenology as a tremendous Kantia n endeavor to rationalize each and every existent split second , towards which he took notes of his daily thoughts in vast detail . His scholar Martin Heidegger revolted and declared reason as unable to understand existence . A century introductory the Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard , away from the watchfulness of the world , composed pondering pieces that expressed a furthest deeper form of existentialism . He not only rejected the rational frameworks of experimental science , but also the rational s of organized religion . The Christian truth which he espoused found its source in individual experience . Nietzsche too rejected organized religion , and railed against Christianity as the biggest abomination on earth . But the clairvoyant zeal with which he appeals to the bermensch (the panelling ) has phantasmal connotations . At the same time the bermensch he describes is nothing other than the transcendental being that religion speaks of . And thus Nietzsche is relig ious in the midst of his fiery blasphemiesI draw the! conclusion that morality cannot be expected from beyond religion . All forms of secular morality , when examined more fast turn out to be stemming from religion . It is either a diffused form of religion , or a maimed and separated part that convinces itself that it is not religious because it does not oblige to the customs of religion . My exposition is meant to show that as philosophy becomes more and more full in its quest it flows back towards the sea of religion and at last there is a confluenceReferencesHume , D (2006 . A Treatise on homo Nature .. 417 . trip the light fantastic , SC BiblioBazaarHume , D (2006 . An Enquiry Concerning gay Understanding .. 7 . Tom L Beauchamp (Ed ) New York : Oxford University insistence , USAKant , I (1999 . review of Pure Reason .. 1 . Werner S . Pluhar (Trans , Eric Watkins (Ed ) Boston : Hackett publish CompanyKant , I (1993 . Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals . Trans . pack W . Ellington .. 47 . Boston : Hackett Publishing CompanyPAGEReligion PAGE 1 ...If you want to fill a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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